Biography of Harriet Tubman, Helped Slaves to Freedom

Harriet Tubman (c. 1820–March 10, 1913) was a slave, fugitive, Underground Railroad conductor, abolitionist, spy, soldier, and nurse known for her  service during the Civil War and her advocacy of civil rights and womens suffrage. Tubman remains one of historys most inspiring African-Americans and there are many childrens stories about her, but those usually stress her early life, escape from slavery, and work with the Underground Railroad. Less known are her Civil War service and her other activities in the nearly 50 years she lived after the war. Fast Facts: Harriet Tubman Known For: Abolitionist causes, Civil War work, civil rightsAlso Known As:  Araminta Ross, Araminta Green, Harriet Ross, Harriet Ross Tubman, MosesBorn: c. 1820 in Dorchester County, MarylandParents: Benjamin Ross, Harriet GreenDied: March 10, 1913 in Auburn, New YorkSpouses: John Tubman, Nelson DavisChildren: GertieNotable Quote: I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a  right  to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other; for no man should take me alive. Early Life Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland, in 1820 or 1821, on the plantation of Edward Brodas or Brodess. Her birth name was Araminta, and she was called Minty until she changed her name to Harriet—after her mother—as an early teen. Her parents, Benjamin Ross and Harriet Green, were enslaved Africans who saw many of their 11 children sold into the Deep South. At age 5, Araminta was rented to neighbors to do housework. She was never good at household chores and was beaten by her owners and renters. She wasnt educated to read or write. She eventually was assigned to work as a field hand, which she preferred to housework. At age 15, she suffered a head injury when she blocked the path of the overseer pursuing an uncooperative slave. The overseer flung a weight at the other slave, hitting Tubman, who probably sustained a severe concussion. She was ill for a long time and never fully recovered. In 1844 or 1845, Tubman married John Tubman, a free black man. Shortly after her marriage, she hired a lawyer to investigate her legal history and discovered that her mother had been freed on a technicality upon the death of a former owner. The lawyer advised her  that a court wouldnt likely hear the case, so she dropped it. But knowing that she should have been born free led her to contemplate freedom and resent her situation. In 1849, Tubman heard that two of her brothers were about to be sold to the Deep South, and her husband threatened to sell her, too. She tried to persuade her brothers to escape with her but left alone, making her way to Philadelphia and freedom. The next year, Tubman decided to return to Maryland to free her sister and her sisters family. Over the next 12 years, she returned 18 or 19 times, bringing more than 300 people out of slavery. Underground Railroad Tubmans organizing ability was crucial to her work with the Underground Railroad, a network of opponents of slavery that helped fugitive slaves escape. Tubman was only 5 feet tall, but she was smart and strong and carried a rifle. She used it not only to intimidate pro-slavery people but also to keep slaves from backing out. She told any who seemed ready to leave that dead Negroes tell no tales about the railroad. When Tubman first reached Philadelphia, she was, under the law of the time, a free woman, but passage of the  Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 made her a wanted fugitive again. All citizens were obligated to aid in her recapture, so she had to operate quietly. But she soon became known throughout abolitionist circles and freedmens communities. After the Fugitive Slave Act passed, Tubman began guiding her Underground Railroad passengers to Canada, where they could be truly free. From 1851 through 1857, she lived parts of the year in St. Catherines, Canada, and Auburn, New York, where many anti-slavery citizens lived. Other Activities In addition to her twice-yearly trips to Maryland to help slaves escape, Tubman developed her oratorical skills and began speaking publicly at anti-slavery meetings and, by the end of the decade, womens rights meetings. A price had been placed on her head—at one time it was as high as $40,000—but she was never betrayed. Tubman freed three of her brothers in 1854, bringing them to St. Catherines. In 1857, Tubman brought her parents to freedom. They couldnt take Canadas climate, so she settled them on land she bought in Auburn with the aid of abolitionist supporters. Earlier, she had returned to rescue her husband John Tubman, only to find hed remarried and wasnt interested in leaving. Tubman earned money as a cook and laundress, but she also received support from public figures in New England, including key  abolitionists. She was supported by  Susan B Anthony,  William H. Seward, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Horace Mann, the Alcotts, including educator Bronson Alcott and writer  Louisa May Alcott, William Still  of Philadelphia, and Thomas Garratt of Wilmington, Delaware. Some supporters used their homes as Underground Railroad stations. John Brown In 1859, when John Brown was organizing a rebellion he believed would end slavery, he consulted Tubman. She supported his plans at Harpers Ferry, raised funds in Canada, and recruited soldiers. She intended to help him take the armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia to supply guns to slaves they believed would rebel against their enslavement. But she became ill and wasnt there. Browns raid failed and his supporters were killed or arrested. She mourned her friends deaths and continued to hold Brown as a hero. Civil War Tubmans trips to the South as Moses, as shed become known for leading her people to freedom, ended as the Southern states began to secede and the U.S. government prepared for war. Once war started, Tubman went South to assist with contrabands, escaped slaves attached to the Union Army. The next year, the Union Army asked Tubman to organize a network of scouts and spies among black men. She led forays to gather information and persuade slaves to leave their masters. Many joined regiments of black soldiers. In July 1863, Tubman led troops commanded by Col. James Montgomery in the Combahee River expedition, disrupting Southern supply lines by destroying bridges and railroads and freeing more than 750 slaves. Gen. Rufus Saxton, who reported the raid to Secretary of War  Edwin Stanton, said: This is the only military command in American history wherein a woman, black or white, led the raid and under whose inspiration it was originated and conducted. Some believe Tubman was allowed to go beyond womens traditional boundaries because of her race. Tubman, believing she was employed by the U.S. Army, spent her first paycheck on building a place where freed black women could earn a living doing laundry for soldiers. But she wasnt paid regularly or given rations she believed she deserved. She received only $200 in three years of service, supporting herself by selling baked goods and root beer, which she made after she completed her regular duties. After the war, Tubman never got her back military pay. When she applied for a pension—with the support of  Secretary of State William Seward, Colonel T. W. Higginson, and Rufus—her application was denied. Despite her service and fame, she had no official documents to prove she had served in the war. Freedmen Schools After the war, Tubman established schools for freedmen in South Carolina. She never learned to read and write, but she appreciated the value of education and supported efforts to educate former slaves. She later returned to her home in Auburn, New York, which was her base for the rest of her life. She financially supported her parents, and her brothers and their families moved to Auburn. Her first husband died in 1867 in a fight with a white man.  In 1869 she married Nelson Davis, who had been enslaved in North Carolina but served as a Union Army soldier. He was often ill, probably with tuberculosis, and frequently couldnt work. Tubman welcomed several children into her home, raising them as her own, and supported some impoverished former slaves, financing her efforts through donations and loans. In 1874, she and Davis adopted a baby girl named Gertie. Publishing and Speaking To finance her life and her support of others, she worked with historian Sarah Hopkins Bradford to publish  Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman in 1869. The book was initially financed by abolitionists, including Wendell Phillips and Gerrit Smith, the latter a supporter of John Brown and first cousin of suffragist  Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Tubman toured to speak about her experiences as Moses. In 1886, Bradford, with Tubmans help, wrote a full-scale biography of Tubman titled  Harriet Tubman: Moses of Her People.  In the 1890s, she finally was able to collect a pension as Davis widow: $8 a month. Tubman also worked with Susan B. Anthony on womens suffrage. She attended womens rights conventions and spoke for the womens movement, advocating for the rights of women of color. In 1896, Tubman spoke at the first meeting of the National Association of Colored Women. Continuing to support aged and poor African-Americans, Tubman established a home on 25 acres next to her home in Auburn, raising money with help from the AME Church and a local bank.  The home, which opened in 1908, initially was called the John Brown Home for Aged and Indigent Colored People but later was named for her. She donated the home to the AME Zion Church with the proviso that it would be kept as a home for the elderly.  She moved into the home in 1911 and died of pneumonia on March 10, 1913. Legacy Harriet Tubman became an icon after her death. A World War II Liberty ship was named for her, and in 1978 she was featured on a commemorative stamp. Her home has been named a national historic landmark. The four phases of Tubmans life—a slave; an abolitionist and conductor on the Underground Railroad; a Civil War soldier, nurse, spy and scout; and a social reformer—are important aspects of her dedication to service. Schools and museums bear her name and her history has been told in books, movies, and documentaries. In April 2016, Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew announced that Tubman would replace President Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill by 2020, but the plans were delayed. Sources Timeline of the Life of Harriet Tubman. Harriet Tubman Historical Society.Harriet Tubman Biography. Harriettubmanbiography.com.Harriet Tubman: American Abolitionist. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Harriet Tubman Biography. Biography.com.

Rhetorical Analysis - 2223 Words

October 16, 2012 Rhetorical Analysis: â€Å"You are being lied to about pirates† In Johann Hari’s article â€Å"You are being lied to about pirates† (published Monday January 5, 2009 by the Independent) he uncovers for his audience/readers the truth behind piracy and how it is reflected in the ways that the government â€Å"tries† to inform the public. The article shows that his audience is the people he recognizes to be the real villains in destroying the pirate â€Å"organization† as well as the uneducated readers on the topic that are looking to grasp a new understanding of pirates and where it all started. Johann Hari is trying to prove to us that there is definitely more than one side to these Somali pirates, but people just have to be willing to†¦show more content†¦For months now rumors have been circulating about Johann’s reliability as a writer and have been said numerous times that Hari is a plagiarist and has even harassed his rival journalist. On September 15th, 2011 he proved these rumors and accusations to be true, by giving a formal public apology for his actions as well as surrendering his awards for journalist of the year. It’s hard to say whether or not author is knowledgeable about the topic simply because of what he has been accused of and this leaves the audience confused on if what was stated was his truth or his own ingredients to compose this article. In Hari’s defense there is a strong possibility that what was stated in this article was indeed his own work, because he includes a lot of his own emotion and opinion throughout the writing of this article. When interviewing Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah (UN envoy to Somalia) he included the â€Å"grief† that Abdallah was extending when saying that people were constantly dumping nuclear material in his country. Hari felt as though it was his duty to lean more towards an appeal to pathos in order for his audience to get a sense of what he and this envoy were feeling. 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Why Do You Serve free essay sample

We live in society that chooses to make its biggest issues similar to the following: Who will win American Idol? What can I do to get more â€Å"likes† on Facebook? When is the next iPhone due to be released? Where is the nearest Chick-Fil-A? Why is Lindsay Lohan in rehab again? How is Charlie Sheen still alive and kicking? While every one of these questions has a unique significance to popular culture, I believe that America’s youth has succumbed to the all-too-enticing grasp of first-world complacency. People around me are always talking but never say anything at all. Conversations lack substance while pressing issues get swept under the rug for a day that will never come. As a naive middle schooler who saw more purpose in Myspace statuses than working to make a difference, I knew this lifestyle a tad too well. I would get home after a long day of school, pop open a fresh Diet Coke, and waste the day away watching Disney channel while doing homework. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do You Serve? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was so immersed in my schoolwork and the intricacies of the entertainment industry that any issue outside of those realms ceased to exist. I was blind to problems both at home and overseas. That is, until that unforgettable day in seventh grade when I attended my first Miami Heat game. My sister and I were drawing festive war paint on our faces to the tune of red and black; my mother and father exchanged witty repartee in the front seat; the cool October breeze blew in from the open window in the back. These components made for an evening like any other, until we entered what my mother calls the â€Å"Skid Row† of Miami. Blood-curdling wails and screams, along with ferocious tapping noises, erupted from seemingly nowhere. My sister and I pushed our noses against the glass and tried to get a glimpse of who or what was causing all the ruckus. What I saw truly changed my life. People of all ages lined the streets. Men pushing shopping carts as make-shift homes argued over sleeping space. A mother rummaged through an open dumpster while cradling an infant in her arms. All the while, inhabitants of Skid Row yelled and hissed insults – although they were directed at cars rolling passed, I felt as though they were spoken directly at me. As I looked at these people, I muted their insults and focused on their faces. They each had pulses, and dreams, and unique thought processes; they were no different than me, no better or worse, yet they sat on the streets while I sat in a Mercedes. I saw the hopelessness burning in their eyes and was left horrified, enlightened, and angry – how could this travesty persist within my city’s walls, less than a mile away from the luxuries of the state’s finest basketball stadium? The question remains unanswered, but I have tried my hand at rewriting it ever since. I have spearheaded food drives through my Girl Scout troop to help the homeless. I have founded an annual clothing drive to give underprivileged Catholic students a beautiful and unforgettable sacrament of Communion. I have coordinated walks for leukemia and breast cancer to take one step closer to finding a cure. I have dedicated six hours of every Saturday to making the deaf and disabled feel as beautiful and purposeful as I see them to be. I have packed, collected, and shipped hundreds of presents for children of third-world countries to have a Christmas to look forward to. I have spearheaded a community-wide book drive, collecting over $20,000, to give the child soldiers of Uganda the education they deserve. Everything I have done so far has been aimed at one common goal: giving people in my local community and overseas a fighting chance to prosper, and a reason to endure. As Winston Churchill once said, â€Å"If you are going through hell, keep going.† I want to provide light at the end of as many tunnels as I can. Ignorance is bliss, sure, but knowledge is power: I serve to leave a legacy of positive change, no matter how small, and will stop at nothing to do so.

When u have got a friend, it means you have always Essay Example For Students

When u have got a friend, it means you have always Essay got somebody on yoursideFriendship is something very special, something essential for your innerpeace, for your self-confidence and for the comfort of your soul wheneverything goes wrong. When you have got a real friend, normally this is a person who shares youropinions and interests, who is there to enrich your joy and reduce theweight of your sorrow. A real, trustworthy fiend is somebody who is alwayson your side, who protects you even when he knows you are not right. Afriend must be there to prevent you from mistakes when you are blinded andbound to make some, he should show you the way when you seem to have lostit. In your eyes this might look as a betrayal, but if he is honest andsincere, then your friendship is for real. We will write a custom essay on When u have got a friend, it means you have always specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nowadays true friends are so difficult to find. Egoism and meanness arespread everywhere and kill peoples souls. If today you can say for sureIhave at least one real friend who would come to me at 3 a.m. after mycalling that I have committed a murder, then you are a lucky one. Becausefriendship is all about sharing. It is like a flower that grows deep inyour heart and fills it up with aroma. It is not important how much timeyou spend together, it is not even important what you do and if you keepalways in touch. It is enough when you meet them again to get theimpression that it was just yesterday when you last met. This is what Icall alliance of characters- everyday life disappears and what is left ispure friendship- strong and unique, that connects your two souls and makesyou both feel that no matter what you will always have someone to rely on,someone who might not always be by your side but who will always be on yourside.